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Star Trek Timelines I Lived in This Time and Its Hard to Not Want to Be a Part of It Again

American animated science fiction boob tube series from 1973–1974

Star Trek: The Animated Serial
Star Trek TAS logo.svg
Created by Cistron Roddenberry
Directed past
  • Hal Sutherland (season i)
  • Bill Reed (season two)
Voices of
  • William Shatner
  • Leonard Nimoy
  • DeForest Kelley
  • James Doohan
  • Nichelle Nichols
  • George Takei
  • Majel Barrett
Country of origin Usa
Original language English
No. of seasons 2
No. of episodes 22
Product
Executive producers
  • Gene Roddenberry
  • D. C. Fontana
Producers
  • Norm Prescott
  • Lou Scheimer
Running fourth dimension 24 minutes
Production companies
  • Filmation
  • Kingdom of norway Productions
  • Paramount Television
Distributor Paramount Domestic Television
Release
Original network NBC[ane] [2]
Picture format NTSC
Audio format Monaural
Original release September 8, 1973 (1973-09-08) –
October 12, 1974 (1974-10-12)
Chronology
Preceded by Star Trek: The Original Series
Followed past Star Trek: The Next Generation
Related shows Star Expedition Boob tube series

Star Trek: The Animated Series ( TAS ), originally ambulation every bit Star Expedition and as The Animated Adventures of Factor Roddenberry's Star Trek , is an American animated science fiction television serial created by Gene Roddenberry. It originally aired Saturday mornings from September 8, 1973, to October 12, 1974, on NBC, spanning 22 episodes over two seasons. The second series in the Star Expedition franchise, information technology features mostly the same characters as Star Trek: The Original Series.[3] Ready in the 23rd century, when Earth is role of a United Federation of Planets, it follows the adventures of the Starfleet vessel USS Enterprise equally it explores the Milky way milky way.

After the cancellation of The Original Series (TOS) in 1969, the live activeness show proved popular in syndication and generated significant fan enthusiasm. This resulted in Roddenberry's decision to continue the series in animated form. Much of the original cast returned to provide voice-overs for their characters. Show writers David Gerrold and D. C. Fontana characterized The Animated Series every bit finer a fourth season of The Original Series. After the conclusion of The Animated Serial, the adventures of the characters connected in live-activity theatrical films, the beginning being the 1979 film Star Trek: The Move Picture.

The Animated Series was critically acclaimed and was the showtime Star Trek series to win an Emmy Accolade when its 2d flavour won the 1975 Emmy for Outstanding Entertainment – Children's Series.[4]

Initial proposal [edit]

Lou Scheimer of Filmation was in talks with Star Trek producer Paramount Television, Tv network NBC, and creator Gene Roddenberry to create an blithe spin-off series while The Original Series was nevertheless on the air, during its third season (1968–69).[5] Paramount'south director of special programming Philip Mayer and Filmation writer/animator Don R. Christensen worked together to create a proposal for a series which would target a immature audience and have an educational spin. The main cast of Star Expedition: The Original Serial would train the teenage crew of a transport chosen Excalibur nigh space exploration; the new teenage crew included a Vulcan named Steve, an African-American boy named Bob, and a Chinese boy named Stick.[5]

Notwithstanding, due to the bitter relationship between Roddenberry and Paramount at the fourth dimension, Scheimer was non able to go the two parties talking to each other in order to concur on a deal for several years. During this time, the projection in its original form was phased out.[5]

Production [edit]

A deal was finally reached in early 1973, and publicly announced in early on March 1973. Because of NBC'due south strong interest in the series, Roddenberry and Filmation were allotted very generous terms: a guaranteed minimum of two seasons with a combined 22 episodes, a budget of $75,000 per episode, and total creative control in Gene Roddenberry's easily.[5]

Roddenberry and Filmation agreed that the series should exist for all ages, rather than the children-oriented approach of the original proposal, and at Roddenberry'due south suggestion The Original Series script editor D. C. Fontana was hired every bit the series' story editor and associate producer.[5] Despite the meager payment for writers ($one,300 per script, with no residuals), the opportunity to write a Star Expedition episode without the special effects limitations of live action proved appealing, and many of The Original Series writers joined the staff.[5] Fontana steered the series away from the romantic and sexual elements of The Original Series, equally she felt children would not be interested in them and she wanted The Animated Series to appeal to children as well as adults.[5]

The Animated Serial featured most of the original cast voicing their characters. The major exception was the character of Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig), who did non appear in the series because the serial' budget could not afford the complete bandage.[v] He was replaced by Lieutenant Arex, whose Edosian species had three arms and three legs; Lieutenant 1000'Ress, a female Caitian, sometimes stood in for Uhura as communications officer. As well performing their characters Montgomery Scott and Christine Chapel, James Doohan and Majel Barrett also performed the voices of Arex and G'Ress, respectively.

Initially, Filmation was only going to apply the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, Doohan and Barrett. Doohan and Barrett would also perform the voices of Sulu and Uhura. Nimoy refused to voice Spock in the series unless Nichelle Nichols and George Takei were added to the cast, challenge that Sulu and Uhura were proof of the ethnic diversity of the 23rd century and should not be recast. Nimoy likewise took this stand equally a matter of principle, as he knew of the financial troubles many of his Star Trek co-stars were facing subsequently cancellation of the series.[6] According to Scheimer, when Nimoy pointed out that the casting would cut the merely two minority actors from the series, "Nosotros were horrified at our unintended slight, made all the worse because nosotros were the one studio who had been championing variety in its output."[5] Koenig was non forgotten, equally Filmation were able to assuage Nimoy'due south complaints on his account by ownership a script from Koenig for one episode ("The Infinite Vulcan").[5]

Vocalism recording began in June 1973, with the first three episodes recorded as an ensemble, i.due east. all the voice actors for the episode in the room at the aforementioned time.[5] Later episodes used the more typical model of recording the vox actors separately to piece of work effectually their other commitments. William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy, who were both touring in plays at the time, recorded their lines in whatever city they happened to exist performing in and had the tapes shipped to the studio.[v] Doohan and Barrett, besides providing the voices of their Original Serial characters and newcomers Arex and M'Ress, performed virtually all of the "invitee star" characters in the series, with exceptions such as Sarek, Cyrano Jones and Harry Mudd, who were performed by the original actors from The Original Series. Other guest voice actors included Ed Bishop, who voiced the Megan Prosecutor in "The Magicks of Megas-tu", and Ted Knight, who voiced Carter Winston in "The Survivor". Nichelle Nichols performed character voices in improver to Uhura in several episodes, including "The Time Trap" and "The Lorelei Signal".

Don Christensen, creator of the original proposal, remained involved equally art director. Other animation staff included Reuben Timmins (who oversaw all shots involving the Enterprise) and a young Bob Kline. The animators rotoscoped the animations for the Enterprise and the original bandage from 35 mm picture show footage of The Original Series.[v] The chevrons were enlarged to brand them easier to animate, but otherwise the crew's uniforms were unaltered from The Original Series.[v] Due to the hiring of nearly the entire regular cast of the original testify, niggling money was left in the budget for the animation, so Filmation cut costs by using stock footage and shortcuts such equally having a graphic symbol put a hand to their mouth while speaking (thus eliminating the need to animate the lips) and silhouetting characters in action.[5]

The blithe series dispensed with the original series' theme music, composed past Alexander Backbone, in favor of a new theme credited to Yvette Blais and Jeff Michael, but actually written by Filmation composer Ray Ellis. Ellis used the pseudonym Yvette Blais (the maiden proper name of his wife) due to complications with royalties and publishing companies, while Jeff Michael is a pseudonym for producer Norm Prescott, who received a pseudonymous credit and a cut of the royalties on all of Filmation'south music equally function of a standard bargain for the fourth dimension.[v] Writing on Facebook's Starlog Magazine official page in March 2021, Gerrold revealed that the reason for this was a longstanding feud between Courage and Roddenberry over residuum payments for airings of Star Trek: TOS episodes using the original theme: "When Courage turned in the original music, Roddenberry added his own lyrics to it, thereby depriving Backbone of half his residuals. Backbone never forgave Roddenberry and refused to give permission for the reuse of the theme. That's why new music was written for the animated series and over again for the movies."[vii]

Episodes [edit]

Flavor 1 (1973–74) [edit]

Season 2 (1974) [edit]

Development [edit]

Like to most animated series of the era, the 22 episodes of TAS were spread out over ii brief seasons, with copious reruns of each episode. The manager of the start flavour (xvi episodes) was Hal Sutherland and Nib Reed directed the six episodes of season two, though the first four episodes of season two erroneously credit Sutherland.[v]

All of this series' episodes were novelized by Alan Dean Foster and released in ten volumes nether the Star Trek Logs banner. Initially, Foster adjusted 3 episodes per book, but afterwards editions saw the half-hour scripts expanded into full, novel-length stories.

Star Trek: The Blithe Series was the only Star Trek series not to exist produced with a cold open ("teaser"), instead starting directly with the title credits sequence. Nonetheless, some overseas versions of the original live activity series, such every bit those aired by the BBC in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s, were edited to run the teaser later on the credits.

The series' writing benefited from a Writers Lodge of America, East strike in 1973, which did not apply to animation.[eight] A few episodes were written by well-known science fiction authors:

  • "More Tribbles, More Troubles" was written by David Gerrold equally a sequel to his episode "The Trouble with Tribbles" from the original series. Here Cyrano Jones is rescued from the Klingons, bringing with him a genetically altered breed of tribbles which practise non reproduce only do grow extremely large. (It is subsequently discovered that these are really clusters of tribbles who function as a unmarried tribble, and it is decided that the big numbers of smaller tribbles are preferable to the larger ones.) The Klingons, considering of their hatred of tribbles, are eager to get Jones back because he stole a creature they created: a predator called a "glommer" that feeds on tribbles.
  • "Yesteryear" is a time-travel episode in which Mr. Spock uses "The Guardian of Forever", a time gateway from the original series episode "The City on the Edge of Forever", to travel dorsum to his own childhood. This is the only animated Trek episode written by original serial and later on Next Generation author D. C. Fontana. This was the starting time actual advent of Spock's pet sehlat, commencement mentioned in "Journey to Babel" and finally named I-Chaya in this episode. One element from Yesteryear that has become catechism past delineation inside Star Expedition: The Original Series is the Vulcan city of ShiKahr, depicted in a background scene wherein Kirk, Spock and McCoy walk across a natural stone span (first depicted in Star Expedition III: The Search for Spock) in the remastered "Amok Time". Elements of Spock's childhood from "Yesteryear" are also referenced in the Star Expedition: The Adjacent Generation episode "Unification" besides as the 2009 Star Trek feature flick.
  • Larry Niven'southward "The Slaver Weapon", adjusted from his own curt story "The Soft Weapon". It includes some elements from his Known Infinite mythos such equally the Kzinti and the Slavers. This is the only Kirk-era television set or movie story in which Kirk did non appear. This episode is besides the just animated one in which characters are shown dying or being killed.

Novelties in the series [edit]

In the original Star Expedition series, the chief grapheme was given the name James T. Kirk. It was not until the animated serial that author David Gerrold expanded on the "T", establishing Kirk'due south centre proper name as Tiberius. By coincidence, on Gene Roddenberry's kickoff series The Lieutenant, the master character was William Tiberius Rice. Co-ordinate to Gerrold, he had been influenced past I, Claudius, and had approached Roddenberry with his choice of heart name, who agreed; Gerrold did not learn nearly the before utilize of the proper noun until 2014.[ix]

The animated series introduced a 3-armed, iii-legged alien member of the bridge coiffure with a long cervix named Arex and a cat-similar alien crew member named M'Ress. According to Roddenberry, budget limitations would take made it impossible for either alien species to appear in a alive activeness series of the fourth dimension.[five]

The USS Enterprise in this series, while supposedly the same transport as from the original series, had a holodeck similar to the one later seen in Star Expedition: The Next Generation, which was set about eighty years later. Information technology only appeared once, in Chuck Menville'south "The Practical Joker", and was known as the "Rec Room". This feature was originally proposed for the original series[10] but was never used.

A personal force field technology known as the life support chugalug was seen only in Star Trek: The Animated Series. In addition to supplying the wearer with the appropriate atmosphere and environmental protection, it permitted the animators to but draw the belt and yellow glow around the existing characters, instead of having to redraw them with an environmental suit. A version of the life support belt later appeared in an early on Star Expedition: The Next Generation novel, The Peacekeepers, where they were referred to equally "field-outcome suits".

The episode "The Lorelei Betoken" provides a rare case in early on Star Trek in which a woman took temporary command of a starship. Due to the male crew members existence incapacitated, Uhura assumes control of the Enterprise from Scotty. Other instances occurred on the showtime and last adventures filmed in the original series:

  • "The Muzzle", in which Number One took command after the abduction of Captain Christopher Pike, and
  • "Turnabout Intruder", in which Dr. Janice Lester took over the torso of Captain Kirk and assumed command.

"The Lorelei Signal" and "The Infinite Vulcan", the latter written by Walter Koenig, are rare occurrences where Captain Kirk comes close to actually saying, "Beam me upwards, Scotty" (long erroneously believed to exist a Star Trek catchphrase), when he commands "Beam usa upwardly, Scotty". Star Expedition 4: The Voyage Home arguably comes closer to it past having Kirk say "Scotty, beam me up".

An anti-pollution public service declaration was created for non-profit Keep America Beautiful featuring the ST: TAS characters and original bandage voices. In the ad, the Enterprise encounters the "Rhombian Pollution Belt".[xi] The advert ran during Sabbatum forenoon network programming during the serial' run.

Canon issues [edit]

At the end of the starting time flavor of Star Expedition: The Next Generation, all licenses for Star Expedition spin-off fiction were renegotiated, and the blithe series was substantially "decanonized" by Cistron Roddenberry'southward function. Writers of the novels, comics and part-playing games were prohibited from using concepts from the blithe series in their works.[12] Among the facts established within the animated series that were chosen into question by the "official canon" upshot was its identification of Robert April as the first captain of the USS Enterprise in the episode "The Counter-Clock Incident".

The Star Trek Chronology past production staffers Michael Okuda and Denise Okuda does non include the animated series, but does include sure events from "Yesteryear" and acknowledges Robert April as first captain of the Enterprise.[xiii] The timeline in Voyages of the Imagination dates the events of the serial to 2269–2270, bold the events of the testify represented the final function of Kirk'due south v-year mission, and using revised Alan Dean Foster stardates. In the updated October 1999 edition of their book: The Star Expedition Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Futurity, Michael and Denise Okuda land that:

In a related vein, this work (i.e. book) adheres to Paramount studio policy that regards the animated Star Trek series as not beingness role of the "official" Star Trek universe, even though we count ourselves amongst that serial' fans. Of grade, the final decision every bit to the "authenticity" of the animated episodes, as with all elements of the show, must clearly be the option of each individual reader.'[14]

David Gerrold, who contributed ii stories to TAS, stated in an interview his views on the canon issue:

Arguments about "canon" are silly. I always felt that Star Expedition Animated was part of Star Expedition because Gene Roddenberry accepted the paycheck for it and put his proper name on the credits. And D. C. Fontana—and all the other writers involved—busted their butts to brand it the best Star Trek they could. Only this whole business concern of "canon" really originated with Gene's errand boy. Gene liked giving people titles instead of raises, so the errand boy got named "archivist" and evidently information technology went to his caput. Gene handed him the responsibility of answering all fan questions, featherbrained or otherwise, and he apparently allow that go to his head.[xv]

Writer-producer D. C. Fontana discussed the TAS Canon issue in 2007:

I suppose "canon" means what Factor Roddenberry decided it was. Remember, we were making it up every bit we went forth on the original series (and on the animated one, too). We had a research visitor to go on us on the straight and narrow equally to science, projected scientific discipline based on known science, scientific discipline fiction references (we didn't want to step on anyone's exclusive ideas in movies, other TV shows, or printed work). They also helped forbid contradictions and common reference errors. And then the so-called canon evolved in its own way and its ain time. For whatever reason, Gene Roddenberry plainly didn't have the blithe series seriously (no pun intended), although we worked very hard to do original STAR TREK stories and concepts at all times in the animated series.[16]

References to The Animated Serial in other Star Trek series [edit]

Since Roddenberry'south death in 1991, and the subsequent exit of Richard H. Arnold (who vetted the licensed tie-ins for Roddenberry's Star Trek office at Paramount during its later years), there take been several references to the blithe serial in the various other Trek series. In the Star Trek: Deep Space Ix episode "Over again Unto the Breach", Kor referred to his ship, the Klothos, which was first named in the TAS episode "The Time Trap". Other DS9 episodes to brand reference to the blithe serial include "Broken Link", where Elim Garak mentions Edosian orchids (Arex is an Edosian) and "Tears of the Prophets" where a Miranda-course starship is called the USS ShirKahr (sic) after ShiKahr, the urban center from "Yesteryear". In the episode "Prophet Motive" the title of healer is resurrected from "Yesteryear" also. Vulcan's Forge is as well mentioned in "Alter of Eye", in which Worf wants to honeymoon there with Jadzia Dax, as well as in episodes "The Forge", "Awakening" and "Kir'Shara" from Star Expedition: Enterprise.

The Star Trek: Enterprise episodes "The Catwalk" and "The Forge" included references to "Yesteryear", the latter featuring a CGI rendition of a wild sehlat. The remastered Original Series episode "Amok Fourth dimension" featured ShiKahr in the background as Spock beams upwards at the episode'due south ending,[17] and the remastered version of "The Ultimate Reckoner" replaced the Phytology Bay-style Woden with an automatic grain carrier from "More than Tribbles, More Troubles".

The 2009 picture show Star Trek also references "Yesteryear", featuring a nearly identical scene in which a young Spock is confronted by several other Vulcan children, who bully and provoke him for being part human.

The 2017 series Star Trek: Discovery episode "Context Is for Kings" has Spock's foster sister Michael Burnham land that their mother Amanda read Alice in Wonderland to them as children, equally in the episode "In one case Upon a Planet."[18] The second season episode "Light and Shadows" expands on Amanda's reasons for doing so.

The 2021 series Star Trek: Lower Decks episode "I, Excretus" features a Pandronian drill administrator named Shari yn Yem, the kickoff Pandronian in the history of Trek to announced outside of TAS. The race was introduced in TAS episode "Bem".

Carter Winston, from "The Survivor", has a small but important office late in the 1984 tie-in novel The Terminal Reflection by John M. Ford. In recent years, references to The Animated Series have likewise cropped upwards again in the licensed books and comics. M'Ress and Arex, characters from the animated series, appear in the Star Trek: New Frontier novels past Peter David, in which M'Ress and Arex are transported through time to the 24th Century, and are made officers on board the USS Trident. (David's previous use of these characters, in TOS movie-era comics published by DC Comics, had been concluded by Gene Roddenberry's function.)[19]

A race introduced in the episode "The Jihad", represented by a character named M3 Green, is named the Nasat in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers e-book novellas. These stories feature a regular Nasat graphic symbol, P8 Blue. The Vulcan city of ShiKahr likewise appears in many books. Paula Block, then of CBS Consumer Products, was responsible for approving proposals and all completed manuscripts for the licensed media necktie-ins and granted many such uses of TAS material since Roddenberry's death.

Amarillo Design Bureau has—as part of its license for the Star Fleet Universe series of games—incorporated many aspects of The Animated Series into its works, non least being the inclusion of the Kzinti, although in a modified class. In improver FASA used elements from The Animated Series in its sourcebooks and modules for its Star Trek role-playing game.

Star Trek: Enterprise producer Manny Coto has commented that had the show been renewed for a 5th flavor, the Kzinti would have been introduced.[xx] Starship designs were produced which closely resemble the Kzinti/Mirak ships from the Star Fleet Universe, a gaming universe that includes the boardgame Star Fleet Battles and its PC analogue Star Fleet Command. The Kzinti were referenced in dialog in the Star Expedition: Picard episode "Nepenthe", which marked their first canon on-screen mention since The Animated Series.

On June 27, 2007, Star Expedition 's official site incorporated information from The Animated Series into its library section,[21] with many pointing to this as evidence that the animated serial is canon, though this has not been officially confirmed. Both David Gerrold and D. C. Fontana have stated that the animated serial is essentially the fourth season that fans wanted originally.[22]

Home media [edit]

  • The complete series was kickoff released in the The states on eleven volumes of VHS tapes in 1989. In the United Kingdom, CIC Video released the consummate series on vii volumes (1x4 episodes and 6x3 episodes) on PAL VHS in 1992. Although CIC-Taft Australia negotiated an Australasian release, they did non go on with their plans.
  • A boxed ready of the complete series on LaserDisc was released for the US market in 1990, so re-released in 1997.
  • A Region 1 DVD box set of the series was released on November 21, 2006, and has since been released internationally for other Regions. Each episode on CBS DVD/Paramount Domicile Amusement'due south Complete Series DVD release of Star Trek: The Animated Series (aka The Blithe Adventures of Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek) was presented in its original network television receiver format and original airdate order - uncut and unedited - and also remastered and restored in 1080p Hd and total-color with remastered and remixed v.ane environment sound and restored original mono audio. It was also the concluding series of Paramount's Star Trek television franchise to exist released to DVD.
  • A Blu-ray release in HD was released every bit part of the STAR TREK 50th Anniversary Television set and Movie Drove in the U.s.a. on September six, 2016.
  • A stand-solitary Blu-ray release was released on November xv, 2016.

Reception [edit]

In 1975, Star Trek: The Animated Series won an Emmy.[23] The series is noted for the voice acting of actress Majel Barrett, who voiced various characters and the primary computer.[23] Majel also had roles in the live-action series for voice acting, but also as Number One, Nurse Christine Chapel, and Lwaxana Troi.

Through both seasons, Star Trek: The Animated Serial faced the reverse situation of The Original Series with regard to its popularity: ratings were high, but skewed abroad from the young children which Sat morning advertisers were trying to attain, being more popular with adults and older children.[5]

Star Trek: The Animated Series was named the 96th all-time animated series past IGN. They declared that although the series suffered from technical limitations, its format immune the writers far greater freedom and inventiveness than was possible in the original live-activity series.[24] In 2019, CBR ranked all 31 seasons of Star Trek television shows, placing season 1 of TAS at 23rd, and season 2 at 24th. Similarly to IGN, they commented that "The blitheness is definitely limited by today's standards, but the idea of an animated Star Trek makes perfect sense, since concerns over budget and telescopic would be very unlike. Although just two seasons long, we were given some memorable moments."[25]

The comic Star Trek vs Transformers was inspired by The Animated Serial, and takes place in a similar universe.[26]

In 2016, in a listing that included each Star Trek films and TV series separately, The Blithe Series was ranked 11th past the Fifty.A. Times.[27]

In 2019, Moviefone ranked The Animated Series the seventh best out of seven Star Trek Telly series.[28]

Meet also [edit]

  • List of animated spin-offs from prime number time shows

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Animated Star Trek: Series Background". Danhausertrek.com. http://www.danhausertrek.com/AnimatedSeries/Bgd.html Archived May 29, 2017, at the Wayback Auto
  2. ^ Idiotbox Watcher (September seven, 2016). "'Star Trek'...Truthful Space Oddity". Movie Pilot. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016.
  3. ^ Woolery, George W. (1983). Children'due south Television: The First Thirty-Five Years, 1946-1981, Part ane: Animated Cartoon Series. Scarecrow Press. pp. 271–273. ISBN0-8108-1557-5 . Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  4. ^ "Star Trek". imdb.com. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r south Mangels, Andy (Summer 2018). "Star Trek: The Animated Series". RetroFan. United States: TwoMorrows Publishing (1): 25–37. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  6. ^ Takei, George. To the Stars: The Autobiography of George Takei . Pocket Books.
  7. ^ Gerrold, David (March 3, 2021). ""12 Fascinating Facts Most 'Star Trek: The Animated Series," comments section". Facebook . Retrieved March 6, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
  8. ^ D. C. Fontana (1991). Introduction to Star Expedition: The Classic Episodes, Book 1.
  9. ^ Silverman, D. S. (2015). Always bring phasers to an "animated" canon fight: Star Trek'southward animated adventures on Saturday mornings. In D. Brode & S. Brode (Eds.) Cistron Roddenberry's Star Trek: The original bandage adventures. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow. ISBN 978-ane-4422-4987-five
  10. ^ see, e.k., Gerrold, The World of Star Expedition
  11. ^ Lost PSA: Star Trek TAS for Keep America Beautiful!. YouTube. June fourteen, 2010. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021.
  12. ^ Ayers 2006, p. 232.
  13. ^ Okuda & Okuda 1996, pp. 41–42.
  14. ^ Michael & Denise Okuda, The Star Trek Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Futurity, Updated and expanded edition, October 1999, Pocket Book (a division of Simon and Schuster), p. iii
  15. ^ "Star Trek: The Animated Series". startrekanimated.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2007. Retrieved December five, 2007.
  16. ^ "D.C. Fontana On TAS Canon (and Sybok)". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on July twenty, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
  17. ^ "ShiKahr (background epitome)". TrekMovie.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved May five, 2013.
  18. ^ "'Star Trek: Discovery' References Spock And 'The Animated Series'". comicbook.com. Archived from the original on October four, 2017. Retrieved March viii, 2019.
  19. ^ Star Trek, Series II upshot #1 lettercol, DC Comics, September 1989
  20. ^ "Star Trek: Enterprise". Memory Alpha. Archived from the original on January 1, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  21. ^ "The Animated Serial Gets Existent". StarTrek.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  22. ^ Silverman, D. S. (2015). "Always Bring Phasers to an 'Animated' Canon Fight: Star Trek 's Animated Adventures on Sabbatum Mornings". In D. Brode & S. Brode (Eds.) Factor Roddenberry'south Star Expedition: The Original Cast Adventures. Lanham, Doc: Scarecrow. ISBN 978-1-4422-4987-5
  23. ^ a b Burton, Bonnie. "Star Expedition: Lower Decks have you excited? Give the '70s cartoon a try". CNET. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  24. ^ "96, Star Trek: The Animated Serial". IGN. January 23, 2009. Archived from the original on Jan xix, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
  25. ^ "Every Star Expedition Season of TV Ever, Ranked from Worst to Best". CBR. Jan four, 2019. Archived from the original on Feb 3, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  26. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ Bernardin, Marc. "Ranking every 'Star Expedition' motion picture and TV serial from first to worst". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  28. ^ Pirrello, Phil. "Every Star Trek Serial, Ranked From Kirk to Picard". moviefone.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Alexander, David (February 16, 1995). Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry . Roc. ISBN0-451-45440-5.
  • Ayers, Jeff (2006). Voyages of the Imagination: The Star Trek Fiction Companion. Pocket Books. ISBN1-4165-0349-8.
  • Okuda, Mike; Okuda, Denise (1996). Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. Pocket Books. ISBN0-671-53610-9.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • Star Trek: The Animated Series at Paramount Plus
  • Star Trek: The Animated Serial at IMDb
  • Star Trek: The Animated Series at the Big Drawing DataBase
  • Star Trek: The Animated Series at Memory Blastoff (a Star Expedition wiki)
  • Star Trek: The Animated Series at Retentiveness Beta
  • StarTrekAnimated.com
  • Star Trek: The Animated Serial at TrekCore.com
  • Star Trek, the Forgotten Frontier: 1970s Animation, The New York Times DVD review

lawsasts1975.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Animated_Series